New Delhi, 20 November, 2025: As the Sabarimala pilgrimage season approaches, Karnataka has issued an important safety advisory following reports of infections caused by the “brain-eating amoeba,” Naegleria fowleri, in neighbouring Kerala. While such infections remain rare, their severity has prompted health authorities to alert pilgrims and encourage precautionary measures during their journey.
Understanding the Brain-Eating Amoeba
Naegleria fowleri is a microscopic organism commonly found in warm freshwater environments. It thrives in sources such as ponds, lakes, stagnant streams, and poorly maintained swimming areas. The amoeba becomes dangerous only when contaminated water enters a person’s nose. Once inside, it can travel up the nasal passages into the brain and cause a severe condition known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), often referred to as “brain fever.”
This infection does not occur through drinking contaminated water. Instead, it is the forceful entry of water through the nose—usually during swimming, diving, or submerging the head—that poses a risk.
Symptoms typically appear within a week of exposure and include:
- Sudden high fever
- Severe headache
- Nausea or vomiting
- Neck stiffness
- Confusion or altered behavior
Because of how rapidly the disease progresses, early medical attention is crucial.
Why Karnataka Issued the Advisory
Recent cases reported in Kerala have raised concern among Karnataka health officials, especially since thousands of devotees travel between the states during the annual Sabarimala season. Although Karnataka has not confirmed any infections so far, the advisory is a proactive step aimed at preventing potential risks.
Authorities emphasize that the disease is not contagious and cannot spread from person to person. The primary concern lies in exposure to warm, stagnant freshwater sources, which some pilgrims may encounter during ritual bathing or while traveling through forested or rural areas.
Recommended Safety Measures for Pilgrims
To reduce the risk of infection, the Karnataka health department has issued several guidelines:
- Prevent water from entering the nose.
Pilgrims should consider using nose clips or covering their nostrils while bathing in natural water bodies. - Avoid swimming or dipping the head in stagnant or unclear freshwater.
This includes ponds, lakes, and slow-moving streams often found along pilgrim routes. - Recognize early symptoms.
Anyone experiencing fever, severe headache, vomiting, neck stiffness, or confusion within a week of exposure to freshwater should seek immediate medical care. - Prefer safe, running water for ritual purposes.
Pilgrims are encouraged to use clean, flowing water sources whenever possible.
These simple precautions significantly reduce the likelihood of the amoeba entering the nasal passage.
A Rare but Highly Dangerous Infection
Though infections caused by Naegleria fowleri are extremely rare, they are known for being aggressive and often fatal once symptoms appear. Doctors describe the amoeba as highly virulent, which means that even a single case is treated with utmost seriousness. This is why public health authorities often respond quickly and decisively when cases are reported nearby.
Despite the alarm such advisories may cause, the intention is not to create panic but to ensure awareness. Most people who come into contact with the amoeba do not develop infection. Risk increases mainly when individuals swim or submerge their heads in contaminated freshwater.
Faith, Rituals, and Health Precautions
The Sabarimala pilgrimage holds immense spiritual significance, drawing millions of devotees each year. Ritual bathing in rivers or ponds is a long-standing tradition for many pilgrims. However, the current advisory urges devotees to balance faith practices with practical safety considerations.
Using nose clips, choosing safer water sources, and avoiding unnecessary freshwater exposure are small adjustments that can offer substantial protection without disrupting the spiritual intent of the journey.
A Proactive Step Toward Pilgrim Safety
Karnataka’s advisory reflects a growing awareness of environmental health risks and the importance of preventive care. By informing pilgrims early and encouraging simple precautions, health authorities aim to ensure a safer, healthier pilgrimage season.
The message is clear: while the “brain-eating amoeba” may sound alarming, the actual risk can be greatly minimized with basic protective steps. With awareness, vigilance, and responsible practices, devotees can continue their pilgrimage safely while respecting both tradition and public health.
