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India Kicks Off ‘World’s Largest’ Vaccination Campaign Today

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Shri Narendra Modi the Prime Minister of India will launch the “world’s largest” vaccination campaign today like as the populous nation tries to bring the COVID-19 pandemic under control starting with two locally-manufactured shot.

Through a video conference PM Modi will address the healthcare workers but he himself will not take the vaccine immediately as the country is initially prioritising nurses, doctors and others on the front line for vaccination.

Calling it the start of the biggest such campaign in the world, on the very first day, around 100 people will be voluntarily vaccinated in each of the 3,006 centres in the country, as the government said this week.

“This will be the world’s largest vaccination programme covering the entire length and breadth of the country,” Modi’s office said in a statement this week.

India, being the world’s most populated country after China, has said it will not create herd immunity so it may not need to vaccinate all of its 1.35 billion people. Still, it can make it one of the largest imminisation programmes in the world even if it covers its half of the population, even if countries like the United States were to vaccinate every resident.

However, beneficiaries will not be able to choose between the Oxford University/AstraZeneca vaccine and a government-backed, indigenous vaccine Bharat Biotech whose efficacy is unknown. Both are being produced locally.

India, which has reported the highest number of coronavirus infections after the United States, wants to inoculate around 300 million people with two doses within the first six to eight months of the year.

More than 151,000 of whom have died and around 10.5 million people in India have been infected with the coronavirus, though the rate of cases has come down since a mid-September peak.

The 30 million health and other frontline workers like those in sanitation and security are the ones to get the first vaccines, followed by about 270 million people older than 50 or believed to be at high-risk because of pre-existing medical conditions.

Politicians will not be considered frontline workers, said Modi.

On Saturday, the inauguration of the government’s online platform Co-WIN that will provide information on vaccine stocks, storage temperature and keep track of beneficiaries is also expected by the Prime Minister.

Moreover, 11 million doses of the AstraZeneca COVISHIELD shot has been already bought by the government that produced by the Serum Institute of India, and 5.5 million of Bharat Biotech’s COVAXIN.

According to the Indian drug regulator, COVISHIELD is 72% effective, while Bharat Biotech says COVAXIN’s last-stage trial results are expected by March.

 

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The Nipah virus is considered one of the deadliest zoonotic infections globally, not because it spreads rapidly like influenza or COVID-19, but because of its extremely high fatality rate, rapid progression, and severe brain involvement. Medical experts warn that once symptoms escalate, the disease can turn fatal within days. According to available data, the case fatality rate of Nipah virus ranges between 50 and 75 per cent, placing it among the most lethal viral infections known to humans. In this explainer, Dr Dip Narayan Mukherjee, Consultant – Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, CK Birla Hospitals, CMRI, sheds light on why the virus is so dangerous and difficult to control. Why Is the Nipah Virus So Deadly? According to Dr Mukherjee, Nipah’s lethality lies in a combination of delayed symptom recognition, aggressive disease progression, and early involvement of the brain. “Nipah virus often begins with very non-specific symptoms, which makes early detection difficult. By the time it is clinically suspected, the virus may have already affected the brain,” he explains. Early Symptoms Often Go Unnoticed One of the biggest challenges in controlling Nipah virus is that its initial symptoms closely resemble common viral illnesses, leading to delays in diagnosis and isolation. Early symptoms include: Fever Headache Cough Muscle pain General weakness “These symptoms are easily mistaken for flu, viral fever, or respiratory infections,” says Dr Mukherjee. “This delay gives the virus time to progress silently.” Severe Brain Infection Drives High Mortality The most dangerous aspect of Nipah virus infection is its neurological involvement. The virus frequently causes encephalitis, or inflammation of the brain, which significantly increases the risk of death. Neurological symptoms may include: Seizures Confusion and altered consciousness Extreme drowsiness Coma “Once the central nervous system is involved, the disease becomes very difficult to manage,” Dr Mukherjee notes. “At this stage, treatment is largely supportive because there is no specific antiviral therapy available.” This lack of targeted treatment options makes early detection critical. Human-to-Human Transmission Raises Risk While Nipah virus is primarily transmitted from fruit bats, it can also spread from person to person, particularly in healthcare settings. Dr Mukherjee points out that: Caregivers and healthcare workers are at higher risk Exposure to high viral loads can worsen outcomes Inadequate infection control increases transmission risk “Strict adherence to infection control practices is essential. Even a small lapse can result in secondary infections,” he says. Zoonotic Nature Makes Exposure Hard to Predict Nipah virus is transmitted from fruit bats, either directly or through intermediate hosts such as pigs. This zoonotic pattern makes outbreaks unpredictable, especially in regions where humans, animals, and wildlife interact closely. Adding to the challenge: There is no approved vaccine Treatment options remain limited Isolation protocols must be strictly enforced What Can Reduce Nipah Fatalities? According to experts, early action remains the most effective defence against Nipah virus. Key measures include: Early isolation of suspected cases Strict use of personal protective equipment (PPE) Rapid escalation and referral to specialised centres Strong hospital infection control protocols “The earlier the virus is identified and contained, the better the chances of preventing severe disease and fatalities,” Dr Mukherjee emphasises. The Bottom Line Nipah virus continues to be a serious public health threat because of its high fatality rate, neurological complications, and lack of targeted treatment. Its ability to masquerade as a mild illness in the early stages makes vigilance crucial. Health experts stress that awareness, early suspicion, and strict infection control are currently the most powerful tools to reduce deaths linked to this deadly virus. As Dr Mukherjee concludes, “With Nipah, time is the most critical factor. Early recognition can save lives.”
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