New Delhi, 26 September, 2025: Every year on 26 September, World Contraception Day is observed to spread awareness about safe, effective, and accessible contraception. While discussions often highlight “types of contraceptives,” many people remain unaware of how these methods work, what side effects they can cause, and how to make safe choices.
This year, health experts are urging individuals to look beyond myths and focus on the science, process, and precautions of family planning methods.
How Do Contraceptives Work?
Contraceptives prevent pregnancy by either stopping sperm from meeting the egg, delaying ovulation, or preventing implantation. Depending on the method, the process works differently:
- Barrier methods (condoms, diaphragms): Physically block sperm.
- Hormonal methods (pills, patches, injections): Regulate or suppress ovulation.
- IUDs (intrauterine devices): Create an environment in the uterus that prevents fertilization or implantation.
- Emergency contraception: Delays ovulation if taken soon after unprotected intercourse.
- Sterilization: Permanent methods that block or cut reproductive pathways.
“Understanding the mechanism is essential. Choosing contraception isn’t just about convenience—it’s about knowing how each method works with your body,” explains Dr. Neha Kapoor, gynecologist at Apollo Hospitals.
Common Side Effects of Contraception
While contraception is safe for most people, side effects can occur depending on the method:
- Contraceptive pills: Nausea, mood swings, weight changes, spotting.
- Hormonal IUDs: Irregular bleeding, cramps, hormonal changes.
- Copper IUDs: Heavy periods and cramps in the initial months.
- Contraceptive injections/implants: Menstrual irregularities, weight gain, possible bone density reduction with long-term use.
- Barrier methods: Very few side effects, but latex allergies may occur.
- Sterilization: Rare complications like infection, anesthesia risks during the procedure.
“Most side effects are mild and temporary. But people must consult a doctor before starting any method to ensure it’s suitable for their health history,” says Dr. Arjun Mehta, reproductive health expert.
Balancing Benefits and Risks
Contraceptives not only prevent unwanted pregnancies but also provide additional health benefits:
- Regulating menstrual cycles.
- Reducing period pain and heavy bleeding.
- Lowering risks of ovarian and endometrial cancers.
- Treating conditions like PCOS and endometriosis.
At the same time, self-medication or misinformation can lead to misuse. For example, repeated use of emergency pills instead of regular contraceptives can disrupt hormonal balance.
The Importance of Informed Choice
A recurring theme this World Contraception Day is informed decision-making. With multiple methods available, the best choice depends on:
- Age and health status.
- Lifestyle and relationship situation.
- Long-term vs short-term family planning goals.
“There is no one-size-fits-all contraception. The right method for a 20-year-old student may not be right for a woman planning pregnancy in two years or for someone approaching menopause,” stresses Dr. Kavita Rao, senior gynecologist and family planning advisor.
Breaking the Silence Around Side Effects
In many communities, discussions about contraception remain limited, and side effects are rarely addressed openly. This can lead to:
- Fear and discontinuation of methods due to unexpected side effects.
- Spread of myths, such as pills causing permanent infertility.
- Reluctance among men to participate in family planning.
World Contraception Day campaigns encourage transparent conversations where side effects are discussed honestly and balanced with the benefits.
Contraceptives are powerful tools for reproductive freedom and health, but like any medical intervention, they come with processes and possible side effects that people must understand.
On World Contraception Day 2025, experts remind us that safe family planning is about awareness, consultation, and choice. By breaking myths, addressing concerns, and ensuring access, we can empower individuals to take control of their reproductive health with confidence.
