New Delhi, 19 May 2025: A new study has found that women who experience high levels of psychological stress during midlife may have an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia later in life. The findings shed light on how chronic stress — particularly during the transitional middle years — may have long-lasting consequences on women’s brain health.
The study followed over 1,300 women in Sweden for nearly four decades. Researchers observed that those who reported frequent psychological stress during midlife were more likely to be diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease or other types of dementia years later. The link remained strong even after accounting for other factors such as education, lifestyle habits, and cardiovascular health.
Dr. Lena Johansson, lead author of the study, explained that midlife may be a “critical window” where the effects of chronic stress can leave a lasting imprint on brain function and structure.
How Stress Impacts the Brain
Stress activates the release of cortisol—a hormone that helps the body respond to immediate threats. However, when stress becomes chronic, elevated cortisol levels can harm the brain, particularly the hippocampus, which plays a key role in memory and learning.
Over time, chronic stress may:
- Shrink the hippocampus
- Disrupt sleep cycles
- Increase inflammation in the brain
- Accelerate the build-up of amyloid plaques—associated with Alzheimer’s
These changes can gradually lead to cognitive impairment, memory loss, and dementia.
Alzheimer’s: Why Women Are at Higher Risk
Women already represent nearly two-thirds of all Alzheimer’s cases. Hormonal changes, longer life expectancy, and societal pressures may increase their vulnerability. During midlife, many women juggle careers, family responsibilities, and caregiving roles—all of which can lead to chronic emotional and psychological stress.
Experts believe that these gender-specific stressors might be one of the reasons for the higher Alzheimer’s risk in women compared to men.
Signs of Chronic Stress to Watch
Not all stress is harmful. But when it persists over time, it can take a toll on both physical and mental health. Common signs include:
- Sleep disturbances
- Constant fatigue
- Mood swings or depression
- Trouble focusing or remembering
- Frequent headaches or muscle pain
- Digestive issues
Ignoring these signs could mean missing early clues of long-term cognitive risk.
This study adds to growing evidence that women’s mental health in midlife plays a critical role in their long-term brain health. Addressing chronic stress now could help protect memory, cognitive function, and quality of life in later years.
