New Delhi, 07 June 2025: India is experiencing a resurgence in COVID-19 cases, primarily driven by the emergence and spread of several Omicron subvariants. The most dominant among these is the JN.1 variant, alongside other notable strains such as NB.1.8.1, LF.7, and XFG.
1. JN.1 Variant
The JN.1 variant, a descendant of the Omicron subvariant BA.2.86, has become the predominant strain across most parts of India. According to data from the Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium (INSACOG), JN.1 has been detected in significant proportions in various regions, with the highest prevalence in the southern states.
This variant is characterized by over 30 mutations in the spike protein, enhancing its ability to evade immunity and increasing its transmissibility. Despite these mutations, the World Health Organization (WHO) has classified JN.1 as a “variant of interest,” noting that the additional public health risk posed by this variant is currently evaluated as low.
2. NB.1.8.1 Variant
NB.1.8.1, another Omicron subvariant, has been identified in India and is noted for its high transmissibility. While it does not appear to cause more severe illness than earlier strains, its rapid spread has led to increased hospital admissions, particularly among vulnerable populations.
3. LF.7 and XFG Variants
The LF.7 and XFG variants have also been detected in India, contributing to the recent rise in COVID-19 cases. These variants are being monitored for their transmissibility and potential impact on public health.
Clinical Presentation and Symptoms
The current wave of COVID-19 infections in India, predominantly driven by the JN.1 variant, is presenting with symptoms similar to those observed during previous Omicron waves. Common symptoms include:
Fever
Dry cough
Sore throat
Fatigue
Headache
Loss of appetite
Gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea.
Notably, gastrointestinal symptoms have been reported in about 30% of patients in regions like Kolkata, indicating a shift in the clinical presentation of the disease.
Public Health Response and Recommendations
In response to the rising cases, health authorities in India have emphasized the importance of continued vigilance and adherence to preventive measures. The Indian Medical Association (IMA) has advised the public not to panic, noting that the currently circulating variants generally cause only mild symptoms. However, individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with chronic health conditions, should remain cautious.
Recommended Precautions:
- Maintain hygiene practices, including regular handwashing.
- Wear masks, especially in crowded or enclosed spaces.
- Practice social distancing.
- Seek medical advice if symptoms persist or worsen.
Vaccination remains a critical tool in combating COVID-19. While the JN.1 variant has shown some ability to evade immunity, existing vaccines continue to provide protection against severe illness and hospitalization.
The resurgence of COVID-19 cases in India underscores the dynamic nature of the virus and its ability to evolve. The emergence of variants like JN.1, NB.1.8.1, LF.7, and XFG highlights the need for ongoing surveillance, public health preparedness, and community engagement. By staying informed and adhering to recommended precautions, individuals can contribute to controlling the spread of the virus and protecting public health
